–ê—Ä—Ö–∏–ø–µ–ª–∞–≥ –ö–æ–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–∏—Ö –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–æ–≤

, –æ—Ñ–∏—Ü–∏–∞–ª—å–Ω–æ (—Ñ—Ä. Union des Comores, –∞—Ä–∞–±. ÿßÿ™ÿ≠ÿßÿØ ÿߟџǟÖÿ±, –¥–æ 2002 –≥–æ–¥–∞ –ò—Å–ª–∞–º—Å–∫–∞—è –§–µ–¥–µ—Ä–∞—Ç–∏–≤–Ω–∞—è –†–µ—Å–ø—É–±–ª–∏–∫–∞ –ö–æ–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–∏–µ –û—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–∞) ‚Äî –≥–æ—Å—É–¥–∞—Ä—Å—Ç–≤–æ –≤ –ò–Ω–¥–∏–π—Å–∫–æ–º –æ–∫–µ–∞–Ω–µ, —Ä–∞—Å–ø–æ–ª–æ–∂–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–µ —É —Å–µ–≤–µ—Ä–Ω–æ–≥–æ –≤—Ö–æ–¥–∞ –≤ –ú–æ–∑–∞–º–±–∏–∫—Å–∫–∏–π –ø—Ä–æ–ª–∏–≤, –º–µ–∂–¥—É –ú–∞–¥–∞–≥–∞—Å–∫–∞—Ä–æ–º –∏ –ø–æ–±–µ—Ä–µ–∂—å–µ–º –ú–æ–∑–∞–º–±–∏–∫–∞ (–ê—Ñ—Ä–∏–∫–∞). –°—Ç–æ–ª–∏—Ü–∞ –ú–æ—Ä–æ–Ω–∏ (–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤ ).

–ù–∞–∑–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ –ø–æ—à–ª–æ –æ—Ç –∞—Ä–∞–±—Å–∫–æ–≥–æ —Å–ª–æ–≤–∞ al-qamar (–∞–ª—å-–∫–∞–º—Ä), —á—Ç–æ –æ–∑–Ω–∞—á–∞–µ—Ç –ª—É–Ω–∞. –õ—É–Ω–∞ –ø—Ä–∏—Å—É—Ç—Å—Ç–≤—É–µ—Ç –Ω–∞ —Ñ–ª–∞–≥–µ –≥–æ—Å—É–¥–∞—Ä—Å—Ç–≤–∞.

–í –≤—É–ª–∫–∞–Ω–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–æ–º –∞—Ä—Ö–∏–ø–µ–ª–∞–≥–µ –ö–æ–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–∏—Ö –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–æ–≤ —á–µ—Ç—ã—Ä–µ –≥–ª–∞–≤–Ω—ã—Ö –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–∞: –ù–≥–∞–∑–∏–¥–∂–∞ (–ì—Ä–∞–Ω–¥-–ö–æ–º–æ—Ä), –ù–∑–≤–∞–Ω–∏ (–ê–Ω–∂—É–∞–Ω) –∏ –ú–≤–∞–ª–∏ (–ú–æ—Ö–µ–ª–∏) —Å–æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª—è—é—Ç –†–µ—Å–ø—É–±–ª–∏–∫—É –ö–æ–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–∏–µ¬† –û—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–∞, –∞ –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤ –ú–∞–æ—Ä—ç (–ú–∞–π–æ—Ç—Ç–∞ (—Ñ—Ä. Mayotte)) –∏–º–µ–µ—Ç —Å—Ç–∞—Ç—É—Å ‚Äú–∑–∞–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–æ–π —Ç–µ—Ä—Ä–∏—Ç–æ—Ä–∏–∏‚Äù –§—Ä–∞–Ω—Ü–∏–∏, –ø–æ—Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫—É –æ–Ω –ø—Ä–æ–≥–æ–ª–æ—Å–æ–≤–∞–ª –ø—Ä–æ—Ç–∏–≤ –Ω–µ–∑–∞–≤–∏—Å–∏–º–æ—Å—Ç–∏ –æ—Ç –§—Ä–∞–Ω—Ü–∏–∏, –Ω–æ –Ω–∞ –Ω–µ–≥–æ –ø–æ-–ø—Ä–µ–∂–Ω–µ–º—É –ø—Ä–µ—Ç–µ–Ω–¥—É—é—Ç –ö–æ–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–∏–µ –û—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–∞. –û—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤ –ê–Ω–∂—É–∞–Ω –ø—Ä–æ—è–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç —Å–µ–ø–∞—Ä–∞—Ç–∏—Å—Ç—Å–∫–∏–µ –Ω–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–µ–Ω–∏—è –∏ –¥–∞–∂–µ –æ–±—ä—è–≤–∏–ª –æ —Å–æ–∑–¥–∞–Ω–∏–∏ —É —Å–µ–±—è –æ—Ñ—Ñ—à–æ—Ä–Ω–æ–π –∑–æ–Ω—ã, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–∞—è –Ω–µ –±—ã–ª–∞ –ø—Ä–∏–∑–Ω–∞–Ω–∞ –æ—Ñ–∏—Ü–∏–∞–ª—å–Ω—ã–º–∏ –≤–ª–∞—Å—Ç—è–º–∏ –ö–æ–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–∏—Ö –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–æ–≤.

–ö–ª–∏–º–∞—Ç –Ω–∞ –ö–æ–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–∏—Ö –û—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ö ‚Äî —Ç—Ä–æ–ø–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏–π –º—É—Å—Å–æ–Ω–Ω—ã–π, –¥–æ—Å—Ç–∞—Ç–æ—á–Ω–æ –∂–∞—Ä–∫–∏–π –∏ –≤–ª–∞–∂–Ω—ã–π. –ó–¥–µ—Å—å –¥–æ—Å—Ç–∞—Ç–æ—á–Ω–æ —è—Ä–∫–æ –≤—ã—Ä–∞–∂–µ–Ω—ã –¥–≤–∞ —Å–µ–∑–æ–Ω–∞ ‚Äî –±–æ–ª–µ–µ —Ç—ë–ø–ª–æ–µ –∏ –≤–ª–∞–∂–Ω–æ–µ –ª–µ—Ç–æ (—Å –Ω–æ—è–±—Ä—è –ø–æ –∞–ø—Ä–µ–ª—å) –∏ –æ—Ç–Ω–æ—Å–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ –ø—Ä–æ—Ö–ª–∞–¥–Ω–∞—è –∏ —Å—É—Ö–∞—è –∑–∏–º–∞ (—Å –º–∞—è –ø–æ –æ–∫—Ç—è–±—Ä—å).
–°—Ä–µ–¥–Ω–µ–º–µ—Å—è—á–Ω—ã–µ —Ç–µ–º–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç—É—Ä—ã –∫–æ–ª–µ–±–ª—é—Ç—Å—è –æ—Ç + 24 –° –∑–∏–º–æ–π –¥–æ +27 C –≤ –ª–µ—Ç–Ω–∏–π –ø–µ—Ä–∏–æ–¥, –ø—Ä–∏—á—ë–º –ø—Ä–∞–∫—Ç–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏ –≤ –ª—é–±–æ–µ –≤—Ä–µ–º—è –≥–æ–¥–∞ –Ω–µ—Ä–µ–¥–∫–∏ –¥–Ω–µ–≤–Ω—ã–µ —Ç–µ–º–ø–µ—Ä–∞—Ç—É—Ä—ã, –∑–Ω–∞—á–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ –ø—Ä–µ–≤—ã—à–∞—é—â–∏–µ –æ—Ç–º–µ—Ç–∫—É –≤ +30 –°. –ù–∞–≥–æ—Ä–Ω—ã–µ –æ–±–ª–∞—Å—Ç–∏ –±–æ–ª–µ–µ –ø—Ä–æ—Ö–ª–∞–¥–Ω—ã, –æ—Å–æ–±–µ–Ω–Ω–æ –≤ –Ω–æ—á–Ω–æ–µ –≤—Ä–µ–º—è, —á–µ–º—É —Å–ø–æ—Å–æ–±—Å—Ç–≤—É–µ—Ç –∏ –∑–∞–º–µ—Ç–Ω–æ –±–æ–ª—å—à–µ–µ –∫–æ–ª–∏—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ –≤—ã–ø–∞–¥–∞—é—â–∏—Ö –≤ —ç—Ç–∏—Ö —Ä–∞–π–æ–Ω–∞—Ö –¥–æ–∂–¥–µ–π. –ú–∞–∫—Å–∏–º—É–º –∏—Ö –ø—Ä–∏—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç—Å—è –Ω–∞ –º—É—Å—Å–æ–Ω–Ω—ã–π —Å–µ–∑–æ–Ω (—Å –Ω–æ—è–±—Ä—è –ø–æ –∞–ø—Ä–µ–ª—å-–º–∞–π), –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –≤–ª–∞–∂–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å –≤–æ–∑–¥—É—Ö–∞ –¥–æ—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç –¥–æ 100%, –∞ –µ–∂–µ–¥–Ω–µ–≤–Ω—ã–µ –ª–∏–≤–Ω–∏ –ø—Ä–∏–Ω–æ—Å—è—Ç —Å —Å–æ–±–æ–π –¥–æ 60% –≤—Å–µ–π –≥–æ–¥–æ–≤–æ–π –Ω–æ—Ä–º—ã –æ—Å–∞–¥–∫–æ–≤. –í –ø–µ—Ä–∏–æ–¥ —Å –¥–µ–∫–∞–±—Ä—è –ø–æ –∞–ø—Ä–µ–ª—å –Ω–µ—Ä–µ–¥–∫–∏ –∏ –º–æ—â–Ω—ã–µ —Ç—Ä–æ–ø–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏–µ —Ü–∏–∫–ª–æ–Ω—ã. 

–ü—Ä–∏—Ä–æ–¥–∞ –ö–æ–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–∏—Ö –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–æ–≤. –ö–æ–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–∏–π –∞—Ä—Ö–∏–ø–µ–ª–∞–≥ –∏–º–µ–µ—Ç –≤—É–ª–∫–∞–Ω–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–æ–µ –ø—Ä–æ–∏—Å—Ö–æ–∂–¥–µ–Ω–∏–µ –∏ –¥–æ–≤–æ–ª—å–Ω–æ –≥–æ—Ä–∏—Å—Ç. –í–µ—Ä—Ö–Ω–∏–µ —á–∞—Å—Ç–∏ —Å–∫–ª–æ–Ω–æ–≤ –≥–æ—Ä –ø–æ–∫—Ä—ã—Ç—ã –≥—É—Å—Ç—ã–º–∏ —Ç—Ä–æ–ø–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏–º–∏ –ª–µ—Å–∞–º–∏, –Ω–∏–∂–µ —Ä–∞—Å–ø–æ–ª–∞–≥–∞—é—Ç—Å—è —Å–∞–≤–∞–Ω–Ω—ã –∏ –∫—É—Å—Ç–∞—Ä–Ω–∏–∫–æ–≤—ã–µ –∑–∞—Ä–æ—Å–ª–∏. –ù–∞ –æ—Ç–Ω–æ—Å–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ –Ω–µ–±–æ–ª—å—à–æ–π —Ç–µ—Ä—Ä–∏—Ç–æ—Ä–∏–∏ —ç—Ç–æ–π –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–Ω–æ–π –≥—Ä—É–ø–ø—ã –Ω–∞—Ö–æ–¥–∏—Ç—Å—è –æ–∫–æ–ª–æ —Ç—Ä—ë—Ö –¥–µ—Å—è—Ç–∫–æ–≤ –¥–µ–π—Å—Ç–≤—É—é—â–∏—Ö –∏ –ø–æ—Ç—É—Ö—à–∏—Ö –≤—É–ª–∫–∞–Ω–æ–≤, –∞ –≤—ã—Å—à–∞—è —Ç–æ—á–∫–∞ —Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω—ã ‚Äî –¥–µ–π—Å—Ç–≤—É—é—â–∏–π –≤—É–ª–∫–∞–Ω –ö–∞—Ä—Ç–∞–ª–∞ (2361 –º–µ—Ç—Ä, –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤ –ù–≥–∞–∑–∏–¥–∂–∞) —è–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –¥–µ–π—Å—Ç–≤—É—é—â–∏–º –≤—É–ª–∫–∞–Ω–æ–º.

–û—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤ –ù–≥–∞–∑–∏–¥–∂–∞ (–ì—Ä–∞–Ω–¥-–ö–æ–º–æ—Ä) ‚Äî —Å–∞–º—ã–π –∫—Ä—É–ø–Ω—ã–π –∏ –º–æ–ª–æ–¥–æ–π –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤ –∞—Ä—Ö–∏–ø–µ–ª–∞–≥–∞, —á—å–∏ –ø—Ä–∏—Ä–æ–¥–Ω—ã–µ —É—Å–ª–æ–≤–∏—è –µ—â—ë –∏ –Ω–∞–∏–±–æ–ª–µ–µ —Ç–∏–ø–∏—á–Ω—ã –¥–ª—è –≤—Å–µ–π –≥—Ä—É–ø–ø—ã. –û–Ω –ø—Ä–µ–¥—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç —Å–æ–±–æ–π –æ–±—à–∏—Ä–Ω—ã–π –≤—É–ª–∫–∞–Ω–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏–π –º–∞—Å—Å–∏–≤ —Å –ø—Ä–æ—Ç—è–Ω—É–≤—à–∏–º—Å—è —Å —Å–µ–≤–µ—Ä–∞ –Ω–∞ —é–≥–æ-–≤–æ—Å—Ç–æ–∫ —Ü–µ–Ω—Ç—Ä–∞–ª—å–Ω—ã–º —Ö—Ä–µ–±—Ç–æ–º –∏ —É–∑–∫–∏–º–∏ –∏ –¥–ª–∏–Ω–Ω—ã–º–∏ —Ç—Ä–∞–≤—è–Ω–∏—Å—Ç—ã–º–∏ —Ä–∞–≤–Ω–∏–Ω–∞–º–∏, –∫—Ä—É—Ç–æ —Å–ø—É—Å–∫–∞—é—â–∏–º–∏—Å—è –∫ –±–µ—Ä–µ–≥–æ–≤–æ–π –ª–∏–Ω–∏–∏. –°–µ–≤–µ—Ä–Ω–∞—è —á–∞—Å—Ç—å –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–∞ –∑–∞–Ω—è—Ç–∞ –¥–æ–≤–æ–ª—å–Ω–æ –æ–±—à–∏—Ä–Ω–æ–π —Å–∫–∞–ª–∏—Å—Ç–æ–π —Ä–∞–≤–Ω–∏–Ω–æ–π, –∏–∑–≤–µ—Å—Ç–Ω–æ–π –∫–∞–∫ –õ–∞-–ì—Ä–∏–ª—å. –Æ–∂–Ω–∞—è —Ç—Ä–µ—Ç—å –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–∞ –ø—Ä–µ–¥—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç —Å–æ–±–æ–π –µ–¥–∏–Ω—ã–π –º–∞—Å—Å–∏–≤ –≤—É–ª–∫–∞–Ω–∞ –ö–∞—Ä—Ç–∞–ª–∞, –∫—Ä–∞—Ç–µ—Ä –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–≥–æ –¥–æ—Å—Ç–∏–≥–∞–µ—Ç –ø–æ—á—Ç–∏ –¥–≤—É—Ö –∫–∏–ª–æ–º–µ—Ç—Ä–æ–≤ –≤ –¥–∏–∞–º–µ—Ç—Ä–µ, —á—Ç–æ –¥–µ–ª–∞–µ—Ç –µ–≥–æ –æ–¥–Ω–∏–º –∏–∑ –∫—Ä—É–ø–Ω–µ–π—à–∏—Ö –≤ –º–∏—Ä–µ. –° 1857 –≥–æ–¥–∞ –∑–¥–µ—Å—å –∑–∞—Ä–µ–≥–∏—Å—Ç—Ä–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–æ –ø–æ—á—Ç–∏ –¥–≤–∞ –¥–µ—Å—è—Ç–∫–∞ –∫—Ä—É–ø–Ω—ã—Ö –∏–∑–≤–µ—Ä–∂–µ–Ω–∏–π (–Ω–∞–∏–±–æ–ª–µ–µ —Å–∏–ª—å–Ω–æ–µ –ø—Ä–æ–∏–∑–æ—à–ª–æ –≤ 1918 –≥–æ–¥—É), –∞ —Å–∞–º–æ–µ –Ω–µ–¥–∞–≤–Ω–µ–µ –¥–∞—Ç–∏—Ä—É–µ—Ç—Å—è 2003 –≥–æ–¥–æ–º.
–ü–æ–±–µ—Ä–µ–∂—å–µ –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–∞ —Å–ª–æ–∂–µ–Ω–æ —á—ë—Ä–Ω—ã–º–∏ –ª–∞–≤–æ–≤—ã–º–∏ –ø–æ—Ä–æ–¥–∞–º–∏, –æ–±—Ä–∞–∑—É—é—â–∏–º–∏ –ø—Ä–∏–±—Ä–µ–∂–Ω—ã–µ —Å–∫–∞–ª—ã, –∏ –æ–±—Ä–∞–º–ª–µ–Ω–æ –ø–µ—Å—á–∞–Ω—ã–º–∏ –±–µ—Ä–µ–≥–∞–º–∏ –¥–µ—Å—è—Ç–∫–æ–≤ –æ—Ç—Ç–µ–Ω–∫–æ–≤, —á—Ç–æ –ø—Ä–∏–¥–∞–µ—Ç –∏–º —Å—Ç–∞—Ç—É—Å –æ–¥–Ω–∏—Ö –∏–∑ —Å–∞–º—ã—Ö –∫–æ–ª–æ—Ä–∏—Ç–Ω—ã—Ö –Ω–∞ –ø–ª–∞–Ω–µ—Ç–µ (–æ–±—â–∞—è –ø—Ä–æ—Ç—è–∂–µ–Ω–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å –±–µ—Ä–µ–≥–æ–≤–æ–π –ª–∏–Ω–∏–∏ –æ–∫–æ–ª–æ 340 –∫–º). –ü—Ä–∞–∫—Ç–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏ –≤–µ—Å—å –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤ –æ–∫—Ä—É–∂—ë–Ω —Ü–µ–ø—å—é –º–æ–ª–æ–¥—ã—Ö –∫–æ—Ä–∞–ª–ª–æ–≤—ã—Ö —Ä–∏—Ñ–æ–≤.
–ü—Ä–∏—Ä–æ–¥–Ω—ã–π –º–∏—Ä –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–æ–≤ ‚Äî –æ–¥–∏–Ω –∏–∑ —Ä–µ–ª–∏–∫—Ç–æ–≤ –±–∏–æ–ª–æ–≥–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–æ–π –∏—Å—Ç–æ—Ä–∏–∏ –ø–ª–∞–Ω–µ—Ç—ã. –í —Å–∏–ª—É –∏—Ö –∏–∑–æ–ª–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏ –∏ –ø—Ä–æ–º–µ–∂—É—Ç–æ—á–Ω–æ–≥–æ –ø–æ–ª–æ–∂–µ–Ω–∏—è –º–µ–∂–¥—É –ê—Ñ—Ä–∏–∫–∞–Ω—Å–∫–∏–º –∫–æ–Ω—Ç–∏–Ω–µ–Ω—Ç–æ–º –∏ –ú–∞–¥–∞–≥–∞—Å–∫–∞—Ä–æ–º, –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–∞ –¥–æ–ª–≥–æ–µ –≤—Ä–µ–º—è —Å–æ—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω—è–ª–∏ –º–Ω–æ–∂–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ –¥—Ä–µ–≤–Ω–µ–π—à–∏—Ö —Ñ–æ—Ä–º –∂–∏–∑–Ω–∏. –î–æ—Å—Ç–∞—Ç–æ—á–Ω–æ —Å–∫–∞–∑–∞—Ç—å, —á—Ç–æ –∏–º–µ–Ω–Ω–æ –≤ —ç—Ç–∏—Ö –≤–æ–¥–∞—Ö –±—ã–ª–∞ –≤–ø–µ—Ä–≤—ã–µ –æ–±–Ω–∞—Ä—É–∂–µ–Ω–∞ ‚Äî –¥—Ä–µ–≤–Ω–µ–π—à–∞—è –∏–∑ –∏–∑–≤–µ—Å—Ç–Ω—ã—Ö –≤ –Ω–∞—à–∏ –¥–Ω–∏ –∫–∏—Å—Ç–µ–ø—ë—Ä–∞—è —Ä—ã–±–∞, –∑–¥–µ—Å—å –ø—Ä–æ–∏–∑—Ä–∞—Å—Ç–∞–µ—Ç 65% ‚Äú–ø–∞—Ä—Ñ—é–º–µ—Ä–Ω—ã—Ö —Ä–∞—Å—Ç–µ–Ω–∏–π‚Äù –ø–ª–∞–Ω–µ—Ç—ã, –æ–±–∏—Ç–∞–µ—Ç –≥–∏–≥–∞–Ω—Ç—Å–∫–∞—è –ª–µ—Ç—É—á–∞—è –º—ã—à—å ‚Äî –ª–µ—Ç–∞—é—â–∞—è –ª–∏—Å–∏—Ü–∞ –õ–∏–≤–∏–Ω–≥—Å—Ç–æ–Ω–∞ (—Ä–∞–∑–º–∞—Ö –∫—Ä—ã–ª—å–µ–≤ –æ–∫–æ–ª–æ 1,2 –º–µ—Ç—Ä–æ–≤) –∏ –æ–∫–æ–ª–æ –¥—é–∂–∏–Ω—ã —ç–Ω–¥–µ–º–∏—á–Ω—ã—Ö –≤–∏–¥–æ–≤ –ø—Ç–∏—Ü. –ò–º–µ–Ω–Ω–æ –∑–¥–µ—Å—å –¥–æ XVII –≤–µ–∫–∞ –æ–±–∏—Ç–∞–ª–∞ –±–µ—Å–∫—Ä—ã–ª–∞—è –≥–∏–≥–∞–Ω—Ç—Å–∫–∞—è –ø—Ç–∏—Ü–∞ –¥–æ–¥–æ –∏–ª–∏ —ç–ø–∏–æ—Ä–Ω–∏—Å (Aepyornis, –≤—ã—Å–æ—Ç–∞ –¥–æ 3 –º–µ—Ç—Ä–æ–≤), –≤—Å—Ç—Ä–µ—á–∞–≤—à–∞—è—Å—è —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ –∑–¥–µ—Å—å –∏ –Ω–∞ –ú–∞–¥–∞–≥–∞—Å–∫–∞—Ä–µ.
–ò –ø—Ä–∏ –≤—Å—ë–º —ç—Ç–æ–º —Å–∞–º–∏ –ø–æ —Å–µ–±–µ –ö–æ–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–∏–µ –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–∞ –¥–æ–≤–æ–ª—å–Ω–æ –ø—É—Å—Ç—ã–Ω–Ω—ã, –∞ —Å–µ–ª—å—Å–∫–æ—Ö–æ–∑—è–π—Å—Ç–≤–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–µ —É–≥–æ–¥—å—è –∑–∞–Ω–∏–º–∞—é—Ç –¥–æ 36% –ø–ª–æ—â–∞–¥–∏ –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–Ω–æ–π —Å—É—à–∏, —á—Ç–æ –Ω–µ–∏–∑–±–µ–∂–Ω–æ –≤—ã–∑—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç —ç—Ä–æ–∑–∏—é –ø–æ—á–≤—ã –∏ —Å–≤–µ–¥–µ–Ω–∏–µ –ª–µ—Å–æ–≤. –ü–æ—ç—Ç–æ–º—É –Ω–µ–∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –æ–±—à–∏—Ä–Ω—ã–µ –¥—Ä–µ–≤–Ω–∏–µ –ª–µ—Å–∞ (–Ω–∞ —é–≥–µ) –∏ —Ç—Ä–∞–≤—è–Ω–∏—Å—Ç—ã–µ —Ä–∞–≤–Ω–∏–Ω—ã (–≤ —Ü–µ–Ω—Ç—Ä–µ –∏ –Ω–∞ —Å–µ–≤–µ—Ä–µ –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–æ–≤) —Å–æ—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏–ª–∏—Å—å –∑–¥–µ—Å—å –ª–∏—à—å –Ω–∞ –≤—ã—Å–æ—Ç–∞—Ö –±–æ–ª–µ–µ 800 –º–µ—Ç—Ä–æ–≤ –Ω–∞–¥ —É—Ä–æ–≤–Ω–µ–º –º–æ—Ä—è.

–ê–∫—Ç–∏–≤–Ω—ã–π –æ—Ç–¥—ã—Ö –Ω–∞ –ö–æ–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–∏—Ö –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ö.
–ù–µ—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä—è –Ω–∞ –æ—Ç–Ω–æ—Å–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ —Å–ª–∞–±–æ–µ —Ä–∞–∑–≤–∏—Ç–∏–µ —Å—Ä–µ–¥—Å—Ç–≤ –æ–±—Å–ª—É–∂–∏–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è —Ç—É—Ä–∏—Å—Ç–æ–≤, –Ω–∞ –ö–æ–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–∏—Ö –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ö –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –Ω–∞–π—Ç–∏ –Ω–µ–º–∞–ª–æ –∏–Ω—Ç–µ—Ä–µ—Å–Ω—ã—Ö –º–µ—Å—Ç –¥–ª—è –∞–∫—Ç–∏–≤–Ω–æ–≥–æ –æ—Ç–¥—ã—Ö–∞. –ü—Ä–µ–≤–æ—Å—Ö–æ–¥–Ω—ã–µ –º–µ—Å—Ç–∞ –¥–ª—è –ø–æ–≥—Ä—É–∂–µ–Ω–∏–π –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –æ–±–Ω–∞—Ä—É–∂–∏—Ç—å –≤–æ–∑–ª–µ –¢—Ä—é-–¥—é-–ü—Ä–æ—Ñ–∏—Ç –∏ –ú–∏—Å–∞–º—É–ª–∏ –Ω–∞ –ù–≥–∞–∑–∏–¥–∂–µ (–ì—Ä–∞–Ω–¥-–ö–æ–º–æ—Ä), –≤ –∑–∞–ª–∏–≤–µ –ù–∏—É–º–∞—à—É–≤–∞ –Ω–∞ –ú–æ–∏–ª–∏, –∞ —Ç–∞–∫–∂–µ –≤–æ–∫—Ä—É–≥ –≤–æ–∑–ª–µ –®–∏—Ä–æ—Ä–æ–Ω–∏ —É –ø–æ–±–µ—Ä–µ–∂—å—è –ù–¥–∂—É–∞–Ω–∏. –û—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–∞ —á–∞—Å—Ç–æ –Ω–∞–∑—ã–≤–∞—é—Ç –Ω–∞—Å—Ç–æ—è—â–∏–º ‚Äú–ø–æ–¥–≤–æ–¥–Ω—ã–º –ø–∞—Ä–∫–æ–º —é—Ä—Å–∫–æ–≥–æ –ø–µ—Ä–∏–æ–¥–∞‚Äù. –í 1938 –≥–æ–¥—É —Ö—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å –º—É–∑–µ—è –Ω–∞—à—ë–ª –≤ —Ä—ã–±–∞—Ü–∫–æ–π –∫–æ—Ä–∑–∏–Ω–µ –º–µ—Å—Ç–Ω–æ–≥–æ –∂–∏—Ç–µ–ª—è —Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω–Ω–æ–µ –∂–∏–≤–æ—Ç–Ω–æ–µ. –ò –≤–ø–æ—Å–ª–µ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–∏–∏ —ç—Ç–∞ –Ω–∞—Ö–æ–¥–∫–∞ –ø—Ä–æ—Å–ª–∞–≤–∏–ª–∞ –∞—Ä—Ö–∏–ø–µ–ª–∞–≥, —Å—Ç–∞–ª–∞ –µ–≥–æ ‚Äú–≤–∏–∑–∏—Ç–Ω–æ–π –∫–∞—Ä—Ç–æ—á–∫–æ–π‚Äù –∏ –∏–∑–æ–±—Ä–∞–∂–µ–Ω–∞ –Ω–∞ –ø–æ—á—Ç–æ–≤—ã—Ö –º–∞—Ä–∫–∞—Ö –ö–æ–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–∏—Ö –û—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–æ–≤ ‚Äî —ç—Ç–æ –±—ã–ª –∑–Ω–∞–º–µ–Ω–∏—Ç—ã–π —Ü–µ–ª–∞–∫–∞–Ω—Ç (–ª–∞—Ç–∏–º–µ—Ä–∏—è), –¥—Ä–µ–≤–Ω–µ–π—à–∞—è –∏–∑–≤–µ—Å—Ç–Ω–∞—è –Ω–∞—É–∫–µ —Ä—ã–±–∞, –∂–∏–≤—à–∞—è –≤ –¥–µ–≤–æ–Ω—Å–∫–æ–º –ø–µ—Ä–∏–æ–¥–µ (–æ–∫–æ–ª–æ 380 –º–∏–ª–ª–∏–æ–Ω–æ–≤ –ª–µ—Ç –Ω–∞–∑–∞–¥) –∏ —Å—á–∏—Ç–∞–≤—à–∞—è—Å—è –≤—ã–º–µ—Ä—à–µ–π.
–õ—É—á—à–∏–º–∏ –ø–ª—è–∂–Ω—ã–º–∏ —Ä–∞–π–æ–Ω–∞–º–∏ —Å—á–∏—Ç–∞—é—Ç—Å—è –ì–∞–ª–∞–≤–∞-–ë–∏—á –Ω–∞ –ù–≥–∞–∑–∏–¥–∂–µ (–ì—Ä–∞–Ω–¥-–ö–æ–º–æ—Ä, –∑–¥–µ—Å—å –µ—Å—Ç—å –¥–∞–∂–µ –¥–∞–π–≤–∏–Ω–≥-—Ü–µ–Ω—Ç—Ä), –±–µ—Ä–µ–≥–∞ –≤–æ–∑–ª–µ –ë—É–Ω–∏, –®–∏–Ω–¥–∏–Ω–∏, –®–∞–π–Ω-–¥—é-–î—Ä–∞–≥–æ–Ω, –®–æ–º–æ–Ω–∏, –ò—Ç—Å–∞–Ω–¥—Ä—ã –∏ –ü–ª–∞–Ω–µ—Ç-–ü–ª—è–∂ (–≤—Å—ë —Ç–æ—Ç –∂–µ –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤ –ù–≥–∞–∑–∏–¥–∂–∞), –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤ –ß–∏—Å—Å–∏—É-–û—É—ç–Ω–µ—Ñ—É –∏ –±–µ—Ä–µ–≥–∞ Ka–≤–µ-–•–æ–∞–Ω–∏, –ú–∏—Ä–∏–Ω–≥–æ–Ω–∏, –ù–∏—É–º–∞—á—É–∞ (–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤ –ú–æ–∏–ª–∏), –∞ —Ç–∞–∫–∂–µ –ø–ª—è–∂–∏ –î–æ–º–æ–Ω–∏ –∏ Mo–π—è (–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤ –ù–¥–∂—É–∞–Ω–∏).

–£—Å–ª–æ–≤–∏—è –¥–ª—è –º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–æ–π —Ä—ã–±–∞–ª–∫–∏ —É –±–µ—Ä–µ–≥–æ–≤ –∞—Ä—Ö–∏–ø–µ–ª–∞–≥–∞ —Å—á–∏—Ç–∞—é—Ç—Å—è –æ–¥–Ω–∏–º–∏ –∏–∑ –ª—É—á—à–∏—Ö –≤ –º–∏—Ä–µ ‚Äî –ø—Ä–∞–∫—Ç–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏ –≤—Å—è –∞–∫–≤–∞—Ç–æ—Ä–∏—è –ö–æ–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–∏—Ö –û—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–æ–≤ –∏–∑–æ–±–∏–ª—É–µ—Ç –ø—Ä–µ–≤–æ—Å—Ö–æ–¥–Ω—ã–º–∏ –º–µ—Å—Ç–∞–º–∏, –æ–¥–Ω–∞–∫–æ —Å–∞–º–∞ –æ—Ä–≥–∞–Ω–∏–∑–∞—Ü–∏—è —ç—Ç–æ–≥–æ –≤–∏–¥–∞ —Å–ø–æ—Ä—Ç–∞ –∑–¥–µ—Å—å –¥–æ–≤–æ–ª—å–Ω–æ –Ω–µ–¥—ë—à–µ–≤–∞. –û–±—ã—á–Ω–æ —Ä–µ–∫–æ–º–µ–Ω–¥—É–µ—Ç—Å—è –æ—Ä–≥–∞–Ω–∏–∑–æ–≤—ã–≤–∞—Ç—å –≤—ã—Ö–æ–¥—ã –≤ –º–æ—Ä–µ —á–µ—Ä–µ–∑ —Ç–µ –∂–µ —Å–∞–º—ã–µ –∫–æ–º–ø–∞–Ω–∏–∏, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –∑–∞–Ω–∏–º–∞—é—Ç—Å—è –¥–∞–π–≤–∏–Ω–≥-—Ç—É—Ä–∞–º–∏, –æ–¥–Ω–∞–∫–æ –ø—Ä–∏ –æ–ø—Ä–µ–¥–µ–ª—ë–Ω–Ω–æ–π —Å–Ω–æ—Ä–æ–≤–∫–µ –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –¥–æ–≥–æ–≤–æ—Ä–∏—Ç—å—Å—è –∏ —Å –º–µ—Å—Ç–Ω—ã–º–∏ —Ä—ã–±–∞–∫–∞–º–∏, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –±–µ—Ä—É—Ç –∑–∞ —Å–≤–æ–∏ —É—Å–ª—É–≥–∏ –∑–∞–º–µ—Ç–Ω–æ –º–µ–Ω—å—à—É—é –ø–ª–∞—Ç—É, —á–µ–º –æ—Ñ–∏—Ü–∏–∞–ª—å–Ω—ã–µ –æ—Ä–≥–∞–Ω–∏–∑–∞—Ü–∏–∏ (–≤–ø—Ä–æ—á–µ–º, –≤ —ç—Ç–æ–º —Å–ª—É—á–∞–µ –≤–µ–ª–∏–∫ —Ä–∏—Å–∫ —Å—Ç–æ–ª–∫–Ω—É—Ç—å—Å—è —Å –º–æ—à–µ–Ω–Ω–∏—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ–º).

–ö—É—Ö–Ω—è –ö–æ–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–∏—Ö –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–æ–≤.
–ö–æ–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–∞—è –∫—É—Ö–Ω—è –ø—Ä–µ–¥—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç —Å–æ–±–æ–π –∫–æ–ª–æ—Ä–∏—Ç–Ω—É—é —Å–º–µ—Å—å –∞—Ä–∞–±—Å–∫–∏—Ö, –∏–Ω–¥–∏–π—Å–∫–∏—Ö, —Ñ—Ä–∞–Ω—Ü—É–∑—Å–∫–∏—Ö –∏ –∞—Ñ—Ä–∏–∫–∞–Ω—Å–∫–∏—Ö –∫—É–ª–∏–Ω–∞—Ä–Ω—ã—Ö —Ç—Ä–∞–¥–∏—Ü–∏–π.
–ë–æ–ª—å—à–∏–Ω—Å—Ç–≤–æ –º–µ—Å—Ç–Ω—ã—Ö –±–ª—é–¥ –±–∞–∑–∏—Ä—É–µ—Ç—Å—è –Ω–∞ –∫–æ–º–±–∏–Ω–∞—Ü–∏–∏ —Ä–∏—Å–∞ –∏ –º—è—Å–∞, –æ–±–∏–ª—å–Ω–æ —Å–¥–æ–±—Ä–µ–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –≤—Å–µ–≤–æ–∑–º–æ–∂–Ω—ã–º–∏ –º–µ—Å—Ç–Ω—ã–º–∏ —Å–ø–µ—Ü–∏—è–º–∏ –≤—Ä–æ–¥–µ –≤–∞–Ω–∏–ª–∏, –∫–∞—Ä–¥–∞–º–æ–Ω–∞, –∫–æ—Ä–∏–∞–Ω–¥—Ä–∞, –≥–≤–æ–∑–¥–∏–∫–∏, –º—É—Å–∫–∞—Ç–Ω–æ–≥–æ –æ—Ä–µ—Ö–∞ –∏ –∫–æ—Ä–∏—Ü—ã. –ó–¥–µ—Å—å –ø—Ä–µ–∫—Ä–∞—Å–Ω–æ –≥–æ—Ç–æ–≤—è—Ç —Ç—Ä–∞–¥–∏—Ü–∏–æ–Ω–Ω—ã–π –∞—Ä–∞–±—Å–∫–∏–π –∫—É—Å–∫—É—Å, –≤—Å–µ–≤–æ–∑–º–æ–∂–Ω—ã–µ –≤–∏–¥—ã –∫–∞—Ä—Ä–∏, –º–µ—Å—Ç–Ω—ã–π –≤–∞—Ä–∏–∞–Ω—Ç –∂–∞—Ä–µ–Ω–æ–π –Ω–∞ —É–≥–ª—è—Ö –∫—É—Ä–∏—Ü—ã –∏–ª–∏ –±–∞—Ä–∞–Ω–∏–Ω—ã, –≤—Å–µ–≤–æ–∑–º–æ–∂–Ω—ã–µ –∫–µ–±–∞–±—ã, –∫—É—Ä–∏–Ω—ã–π —Å—É–ø-–ø—é—Ä–µ —Å –∑–µ–ª—ë–Ω—ã–º –≥–æ—Ä–æ—à–∫–æ–º –∏ —Å–ø–µ—Ü–∏—è–º–∏, —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∏—á–Ω—ã–µ –∂–∞—Ä–µ–Ω—ã–µ –∏–ª–∏ –∫–æ–ø—á—ë–Ω—ã–µ –º—è—Å–æ–ø—Ä–æ–¥—É–∫—Ç—ã, –∞ —Ç–∞–∫–∂–µ –¥–µ—Å—è—Ç–∫–∏ –±–ª—é–¥ –Ω–∞ –æ—Å–Ω–æ–≤–µ –æ—Å–æ–±—ã—Ö –Ω–µ—Å–ª–∞–¥–∫–∏—Ö –±–∞–Ω–∞–Ω–æ–≤, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –∂–∞—Ä—è—Ç, —Ç—É—à–∞—Ç, –∑–∞–ø–µ–∫–∞—é—Ç –∏–ª–∏ —Ç–æ–º—è—Ç –≤ –ø–µ—á–∏ –≤–º–µ—Å—Ç–µ —Å –º—è—Å–æ–º –∏–ª–∏ –∞—Ä–∞—Ö–∏—Å–æ–º.
–ù–∞ –≥–∞—Ä–Ω–∏—Ä –æ–±—ã—á–Ω–æ –∏–¥—É—Ç –≤—Å—ë —Ç–æ—Ç –∂–µ —Ä–∏—Å, –∫—É–∫—É—Ä—É–∑–∞, –±–æ–±–æ–≤—ã–µ –∫—É–ª—å—Ç—É—Ä—ã, –º–∞–Ω–∏–æ–∫–∞, –∞ —Ç–∞–∫–∂–µ –±–æ–ª–µ–µ —ç–∫–∑–æ—Ç–∏—á–Ω—ã–µ –≤ —ç—Ç–∏—Ö –∫—Ä–∞—è—Ö –∫–∞—Ä—Ç–æ—Ñ–µ–ª—å –∏ –∫–∞–ø—É—Å—Ç–∞. –ö —Å—Ç–æ–ª—É –ø–æ–¥–∞—é—Ç—Å—è –≤—Å–µ–≤–æ–∑–º–æ–∂–Ω—ã–µ –ª–µ–ø—ë—à–∫–∏ –∏–ª–∏ –¥–ª–∏–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –±–∞—Ç–æ–Ω—ã –≤–ø–æ–ª–Ω–µ —Ñ—Ä–∞–Ω—Ü—É–∑—Å–∫–æ–≥–æ –≤–∏–¥–∞, –∞ –Ω–∞ –ø–æ–±–µ—Ä–µ–∂—å–µ –≤ —ç—Ç–æ–π —Ä–æ–ª–∏ —á–∞—Å—Ç–æ –≤—ã—Å—Ç—É–ø–∞–µ—Ç —Ç—Ä–∞–¥–∏—Ü–∏–æ–Ω–Ω—ã–π –∏–Ω–¥–∏–π—Å–∫–∏–π —Ö–ª–µ–± ‚Äú—á–∞–ø–∞—Ç–∏‚Äù (–∏–Ω–æ–≥–¥–∞ –æ–Ω –ø–æ–¥–∞—ë—Ç—Å—è –∏ –Ω–∞ –¥–µ—Å–µ—Ä—Ç, –Ω–æ –≤ —ç—Ç–æ–º —Å–ª—É—á–∞–µ –ª–µ–ø–µ—à–∫–∏ ‚Äú—á–∞–ø–∞—Ç–∏‚Äù –º–Ω–æ–≥–æ–∫—Ä–∞—Ç–Ω–æ —Å–∫–ª–∞–¥—ã–≤–∞—é—Ç—Å—è –∏ –ø–æ–¥–∞—é—Ç—Å—è —Å –º—ë–¥–æ–º, –¥–∂–µ–º–æ–º –∏–ª–∏ —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∏—á–Ω—ã–º–∏ —Å–ª–∞–¥–æ—Å—Ç—è–º–∏).
–†—ã–±–∞ –∏ —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∏—á–Ω—ã–µ –¥–∞—Ä—ã –º–æ—Ä—è —Å–æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª—è—é—Ç –µ–¥–≤–∞ –ª–∏ –Ω–µ –ø–æ–ª–æ–≤–∏–Ω—É –≤—Å–µ–π –≥–∞—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–Ω–æ–º–∏–∏ –ö–æ–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–∏—Ö –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–æ–≤, –ø—Ä–∏—á—ë–º —Ö–∞—Ä–∞–∫—Ç–µ—Ä–Ω–æ–π —á–µ—Ä—Ç–æ–π –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–Ω–æ–π –∫—É—Ö–Ω–∏ —è–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è —à–∏—Ä–æ–∫–æ–µ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ –≤ –ø—Ä–∏–≥–æ—Ç–æ–≤–ª–µ–Ω–∏–∏ ‚Äú–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–∏—Ö –±–ª—é–¥‚Äù –≤–∞–Ω–∏–ª–∏ –∏ —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∏—á–Ω—ã—Ö —Ü–∏—Ç—Ä—É—Å–æ–≤—ã—Ö. –ó–¥–µ—Å—å —Å—Ç–æ–∏—Ç –æ—Ü–µ–Ω–∏—Ç—å –æ–º–∞—Ä–∞ –≤ –≤–∞–Ω–∏–ª—å–Ω–æ–º —Å–æ—É—Å–µ, –∫—Ä–µ–≤–µ—Ç–æ–∫ —Å –ª–∏–º–æ–Ω–æ–º, –¥–µ—Å—è—Ç–∫–∏ –≤–∏–¥–æ–≤ –±–ª—é–¥ –∏–∑ –æ—Å—å–º–∏–Ω–æ–≥–∞, –∂–∞—Ä–µ–Ω—É—é –∏–ª–∏ –∑–∞–ø–µ—á—ë–Ω–Ω—É—é –Ω–∞ —É–≥–ª—è—Ö –º–æ—Ä—Å–∫—É—é —Ä—ã–±—É —Å–æ —Å–ø–µ—Ü–∏—è–º–∏, —Ä–∞–∑–ª–∏—á–Ω—ã—Ö –º–æ–ª–ª—é—Å–∫–æ–≤ —Å –ª–∏–º–æ–Ω–Ω—ã–º —Å–æ–∫–æ–º, –∞ —Ç–∞–∫–∂–µ –≤—Å–µ–≤–æ–∑–º–æ–∂–Ω—ã–µ –∞—Å—Å–æ—Ä—Ç–∏ –∏–∑ –º–æ—Ä–µ–ø—Ä–æ–¥—É–∫—Ç–æ–≤. –í–æ –≤—Å–µ—Ö —Ä–µ—Å—Ç–æ—Ä–∞–Ω–∞—Ö –ø—Ä–µ–¥–ª–∞–≥–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –∫–æ–ª–æ—Å—Å–∞–ª—å–Ω—ã–π –≤—ã–±–æ—Ä —Å–≤–µ–∂–∏—Ö —Ñ—Ä—É–∫—Ç–æ–≤ –∏ –æ–≤–æ—â–µ–π.
–ù–∞ –¥–µ—Å–µ—Ä—Ç –æ–±—ã—á–Ω–æ –ø–æ–¥–∞—é—Ç –≤–ø–æ–ª–Ω–µ –∞—Ä–∞–±—Å–∫–∏–µ –ø–æ —Ä–µ—Ü–µ–ø—Ç—É—Ä–µ —Å–ª–∞–¥–æ—Å—Ç–∏ –∏ —Å–≤–µ–∂–∏–µ —Ñ—Ä—É–∫—Ç—ã. –ò–∑ –Ω–∞–ø–∏—Ç–∫–æ–≤ –Ω–∞–∏–±–æ–ª–µ–µ –ø–æ–ø—É–ª—è—Ä–Ω—ã —Å–≤–µ–∂–∏–µ —Å–æ–∫–∏ —Å–æ –ª—å–¥–æ–º, —á–∞–π –∏ –∫–æ—Ñ–µ –¥–æ—Å—Ç–∞—Ç–æ—á–Ω–æ —Ö–æ—Ä–æ—à–µ–≥–æ –∫–∞—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–∞.

–û–±—ã—á–∞–∏ –∏ —Ç—Ä–∞–¥–∏—Ü–∏–∏ –Ω–∞ –ö–æ–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–∏—Ö –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ö.
–ò—Å–ª–∞–º—Å–∫–∏–µ —Ç—Ä–∞–¥–∏—Ü–∏–∏ –∏ –æ–±—ã—á–∞–∏ –∑–∞–Ω–∏–º–∞—é—Ç –≤ –∂–∏–∑–Ω–∏ –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–∏—Ç—è–Ω –≤–∞–∂–Ω–µ–π—à–µ–µ –º–µ—Å—Ç–æ. –ù–µ—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä—è –Ω–∞ —Ç–æ, —á—Ç–æ –º–µ—Å—Ç–Ω—ã–π –≤–∞—Ä–∏–∞–Ω—Ç –∏—Å–ª–∞–º–∞ –æ—á–µ–Ω—å —Ç–µ—Ä–ø–∏–º –∫ –¥—Ä—É–≥–∏–º —Ä–µ–ª–∏–≥–∏–æ–∑–Ω—ã–º —Ç–µ—á–µ–Ω–∏—è–º (–Ω–∞–ø—Ä–∏–º–µ—Ä, –∞–ª–∫–æ–≥–æ–ª—å –æ—Ñ–∏—Ü–∏–∞–ª—å–Ω–æ –Ω–µ –∑–∞–ø—Ä–µ—â–µ–Ω –∏ –¥–æ—Å—Ç—É–ø–µ–Ω –≤ –≥–æ—Å—Ç–∏–Ω–∏—Ü–∞—Ö –∏ —Ä–µ—Å—Ç–æ—Ä–∞–Ω–∞—Ö), –º–µ—Å—Ç–Ω—ã–µ –∂–∏—Ç–µ–ª–∏ –æ–∂–∏–¥–∞—é—Ç –æ—Ç –≥–æ—Å—Ç–µ–π —Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω—ã —É–≤–∞–∂–µ–Ω–∏—è –∫ —Å–≤–æ–µ–º—É –æ–±—Ä–∞–∑—É –∂–∏–∑–Ω–∏ ‚Äî —É–ø–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–±–ª–µ–Ω–∏–µ –∞–ª–∫–æ–≥–æ–ª—è –≤ –æ–±—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤–µ–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –º–µ—Å—Ç–∞—Ö –Ω–∞—Å—Ç–æ—è—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ –Ω–µ —Ä–µ–∫–æ–º–µ–Ω–¥—É–µ—Ç—Å—è, –∞ –≤ —Å–≤—è—â–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–π –º–µ—Å—è—Ü –†–∞–º–∞–∑–∞–Ω –±–æ–ª—å—à–∏–Ω—Å—Ç–≤–æ —É–≤–µ—Å–µ–ª–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã—Ö –∑–∞–≤–µ–¥–µ–Ω–∏–π –∑–∞–∫—Ä—ã—Ç–æ –≤ —Å–≤–µ—Ç–ª–æ–µ –≤—Ä–µ–º—è —Å—É—Ç–æ–∫. –ù–∏–∫–∞–∫–∏—Ö –æ—Å–æ–±—ã—Ö –æ–≥—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—á–µ–Ω–∏–π –Ω–∞ —Ñ–æ—Ä–º—É –æ–¥–µ–∂–¥—ã –∑–¥–µ—Å—å –Ω–µ—Ç, –∑–∞ –∏—Å–∫–ª—é—á–µ–Ω–∏–µ–º –≤–ø–æ–ª–Ω–µ —Ä–∞–∑—É–º–Ω—ã—Ö —Ç—Ä–µ–±–æ–≤–∞–Ω–∏–π –∫ —Å–∫—Ä–æ–º–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏ –æ–Ω–æ–π –ø—Ä–∏ –ø–æ—Å–µ—â–µ–Ω–∏–∏ –º–µ—á–µ—Ç–µ–π, –∫–ª–∞–¥–±–∏—â –∏ –¥—Ä—É–≥–∏—Ö –∫—É–ª—å—Ç–æ–≤—ã—Ö –º–µ—Å—Ç.
–ö–æ–º–æ—Ä—Ü—ã –≤ —Å–∏–ª—É —Å–≤–æ–∏—Ö —Ç—Ä–∞–¥–∏—Ü–∏–π –≥–æ—Å—Ç–µ–ø—Ä–∏–∏–º–Ω—ã –∏ –ø—Ä–∏–≤–µ—Ç–ª–∏–≤—ã –∫ —Ç—É—Ä–∏—Å—Ç–∞–º, –ø—Ä–∏—á—ë–º –º–Ω–æ–≥–∏–µ –≥–æ—Å—Ç–∏ –æ—Ç–º–µ—á–∞—é—Ç –∏—Ö —Å–∫—Ä–æ–º–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å –∏ –Ω–µ–∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—É—é –∑–∞—Å—Ç–µ–Ω—á–∏–≤–æ—Å—Ç—å. –î–∞–∂–µ –≤ —Ç–æ—Ä–≥–æ–≤—ã—Ö –∫–≤–∞—Ä—Ç–∞–ª–∞—Ö –¥–æ–º–∏–Ω–∏—Ä—É—é—Ç –æ—á–µ–Ω—å —Å–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –ø–æ—Ä—è–¥–∫–∏, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ —Ç–æ–≤–∞—Ä —Ä–µ–∫–ª–∞–º–∏—Ä—É–µ—Ç—Å—è, –Ω–æ –Ω–µ –Ω–∞–≤—è–∑—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –ø–æ—Ç–µ–Ω—Ü–∏–∞–ª—å–Ω–æ–º—É –ø–æ–∫—É–ø–∞—Ç–µ–ª—é (–≤–ø—Ä–æ—á–µ–º, –∏—Å–∫—É—Å—Å—Ç–≤–æ —Ç–æ—Ä–≥–∞ –∑–¥–µ—Å—å —Ä–∞–∑–≤–∏—Ç–æ —á—Ä–µ–∑–≤—ã—á–∞–π–Ω–æ). –ù–∏—â–∏—Ö –∏ –ø–æ–ø—Ä–æ—à–∞–µ–∫ –Ω–µ–º–Ω–æ–≥–æ, –¥–∞–∂–µ –¥–µ—Ç–∏, —Ç—Ä–∞–¥–∏—Ü–∏–æ–Ω–Ω–æ –∏–≥—Ä–∞—é—â–∏–µ –±–æ–ª—å—à–∏–º–∏ –∫–æ–º–ø–∞–Ω–∏—è–º–∏ –ø—Ä—è–º–æ –Ω–∞ –ø—Ä–æ–µ–∑–∂–µ–π —á–∞—Å—Ç–∏ –¥–æ—Ä–æ–≥–∏ –∏–ª–∏ –Ω–∞ –ø—É—Å—Ç—ã—Ä—è—Ö, –æ—Ç–Ω–æ—Å—è—Ç—Å—è –∫ –∏–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω—Ü–∞–º –¥–æ–≤–æ–ª—å–Ω–æ —Å–ø–æ–∫–æ–π–Ω–æ, —Å –æ–±—ã—á–Ω—ã–º –¥–µ—Ç—Å–∫–∏–º –ª—é–±–æ–ø—ã—Ç—Å—Ç–≤–æ–º, –∞ –Ω–µ —Å –ø—Ä–∏–≤—ã—á–Ω—ã–º –¥–ª—è —Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω –í–æ—Å—Ç–æ—á–Ω–æ–π –ê—Ñ—Ä–∏–∫–∏ –ø–æ–ø—Ä–æ—à–∞–π–Ω–∏—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–æ–º.
–ü—Ä–∏–≥–ª–∞—à–µ–Ω–∏–µ –Ω–∞ –ø–æ—Å–µ—â–µ–Ω–∏–µ –º–µ—Å—Ç–Ω–æ–≥–æ –¥–æ–º–∞ —Å—á–∏—Ç–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –±–æ–ª—å—à–æ–π —á–µ—Å—Ç—å—é, –∏ –æ—Ç–∫–∞–∑—ã–≤–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –æ—Ç –Ω–µ–≥–æ –Ω–µ —Å–ª–µ–¥—É–µ—Ç. –ü—Ä–∏ –ø–æ—Å–µ—â–µ–Ω–∏–∏ –ª—é–±–æ–≥–æ –∫–æ–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–æ–≥–æ –¥–æ–º–∞ –∏–ª–∏ —Ü–µ—Ä–µ–º–æ–Ω–∏–∏ —Ä–µ–∫–æ–º–µ–Ω–¥—É–µ—Ç—Å—è –¥–∞—Ä–∏—Ç—å —Ö–æ–∑—è–µ–≤–∞–º –Ω–µ–±–æ–ª—å—à–∏–µ –ø—Ä–µ–∑–µ–Ω—Ç—ã (—Å–ª–∞–¥–æ—Å—Ç–∏, —Å—É–≤–µ–Ω–∏—Ä—ã, –∫–∞–∫–∏–µ-—Ç–æ –ø—Ä–æ–¥—É–∫—Ç—ã –ø–∏—Ç–∞–Ω–∏—è, –≤ —Ä–µ–¥–∫–∏—Ö —Å–ª—É—á–∞—è—Ö ‚Äî –±—É—Ç—ã–ª–∫—É —Ä–æ–º–∞ –∏–ª–∏ —Å–∏–≥–∞—Ä–µ—Ç—ã, –¥–µ–Ω—å–≥–∏ –¥–∞–≤–∞—Ç—å –Ω–µ–ª—å–∑—è!). –£–≤–∞–∂–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ —Å–ª–µ–¥—É–µ—Ç –æ—Ç–Ω–æ—Å–∏—Ç—å—Å—è –∏ –∫–æ –º–Ω–æ–≥–∏–º –º–µ—Å—Ç–Ω—ã–º —Ç–∞–±—É (‚Äú—Ñ–∞–¥–∏‚Äù), –Ω–æ –ø–æ—Å–∫–æ–ª—å–∫—É –æ–Ω–∏ –æ—Ç–ª–∏—á–∞—é—Ç—Å—è –≤ —Ä–∞–∑–Ω—ã—Ö –æ–±–ª–∞—Å—Ç—è—Ö —Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω—ã, —ç—Ç–æ –¥–æ—Å—Ç–∞—Ç–æ—á–Ω–æ –Ω–µ–ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç–æ, –ø–æ—ç—Ç–æ–º—É —Ä–µ–∫–æ–º–µ–Ω–¥—É–µ—Ç—Å—è –ø—Ä–æ—Å—Ç–æ –ø—Ä–∏—Å–ª—É—à–∏–≤–∞—Ç—å—Å—è –∫ —Å–æ–≤–µ—Ç–∞–º –æ–±—Å–ª—É–∂–∏–≤–∞—é—â–µ–≥–æ –ø–µ—Ä—Å–æ–Ω–∞–ª–∞ –∏–ª–∏ –∫–æ–Ω—Å—É–ª—å—Ç–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å—Å—è —É –ø—Ä–æ–≤–æ–¥–Ω–∏–∫–æ–≤ –∏–ª–∏ –≥–∏–¥–æ–≤.
–£–Ω–∏–∫–∞–ª—å–Ω–∞—è –∫–æ–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–∞—è —Ç—Ä–∞–¥–∏—Ü–∏—è ‚Äî ‚Äú–ì—Ä–∞–Ω-–ú–∞—Ä—å—è–∂‚Äù (–ë–æ–ª—å—à–∞—è –°–≤–∞–¥—å–±–∞). –≠—Ç–æ –æ–±—ã—á–Ω–æ –∑–∞—Ä–∞–Ω–µ–µ —Å–ø–ª–∞–Ω–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–π —Å–æ—é–∑ –º–µ–∂–¥—É –±–æ–ª–µ–µ —Å—Ç–∞—Ä—à–∏–º –º—É–∂—á–∏–Ω–æ–π –∏ –±–æ–ª–µ–µ –º–æ–ª–æ–¥–æ–π –∂–µ–Ω—â–∏–Ω–æ–π, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –∂–µ–Ω–∏—Ö –¥–æ–ª–∂–µ–Ω –æ–ø–ª–∞—Ç–∏—Ç—å –≤—Å–µ –ø—Ä–∞–∑–¥–Ω–µ—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –¥–ª—è –≥–æ—Å—Ç–µ–π —Å–æ –≤—Å–µ–π –¥–µ—Ä–µ–≤–Ω–∏ –≤ —Ç–µ—á–µ–Ω–∏–∏ 18 –¥–Ω–µ–π. –û–Ω —Ç–∞–∫–∂–µ –¥–æ–ª–∂–µ–Ω –∫—É–ø–∏—Ç—å –¥–æ—Ä–æ–≥–æ–µ –ø—Ä–∏–¥–∞–Ω–æ–µ –¥–ª—è –Ω–µ–≤–µ—Å—Ç—ã, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–µ –æ–±—è–∑–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ –¥–æ–ª–∂–Ω–æ –≤–∫–ª—é—á–∞—Ç—å –¥–æ—Ä–æ–≥—É—é –æ–¥–µ–∂–¥—É, –∑–æ–ª–æ—Ç–æ –∏ –¥—Ä–∞–≥–æ—Ü–µ–Ω–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏. –¢–∞–∫–∞—è —Å–≤–∞–¥—å–±–∞ —á–∞—Å—Ç–æ –æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç –∂–µ–Ω–∏—Ö–∞ –≤ –Ω–∏—â–µ—Ç–µ –Ω–∞ –≤—Å—é –æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤—à—É—é—Å—è —á–∞—Å—Ç—å –µ–≥–æ –∂–∏–∑–Ω–∏, –Ω–æ –¥–µ–ª–æ –≤ —Ç–æ–º, —á—Ç–æ —Å–µ–ª—å—Å–∫–∏–µ –∂–∏—Ç–µ–ª–∏ –±—É–¥—É—Ç –ø—Ä–∏—Å—É–∂–¥–∞—Ç—å –∂–µ–Ω–∏—Ö—É ‚Äú–º—É–¥—Ä–æ—Å—Ç—å‚Äù –∏ —Å–æ—Ü–∏–∞–ª—å–Ω—ã–π —Å—Ç–∞—Ç—É—Å –∏–º–µ–Ω–Ω–æ –∑–∞ —É—Ä–æ–≤–µ–Ω—å —Å–≤–∞–¥—å–±—ã. –ö–∞–∫ –∫–æ–º–ø–µ–Ω—Å–∞—Ü–∏—é –∑–∞ –≤–æ–∑–º–æ–∂–Ω—É—é –±–µ–¥–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å –∂–µ–Ω–∏—Ö –ø–æ–ª—É—á–∞–µ—Ç –ø—Ä–∞–≤–æ –Ω–æ—Å–∏—Ç—å —Å–ø–µ—Ü–∏–∞–ª—å–Ω—ã–π –ø–æ—è—Å ‚Äú–º'—Ä—É–º–∞‚Äù, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π –¥–æ–∫–∞–∑—ã–≤–∞–µ—Ç –µ–≥–æ –ø—Ä–∏–≤–∏–ª–µ–≥–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–π —Å—Ç–∞—Ç—É—Å –∫–∞–∫ –≤–æ–∏–Ω–∞ –∏ –º—É–∂—á–∏–Ω—ã. –¢—Ä–∞–¥–∏—Ü–∏—è ‚Äú–ì—Ä–∞–Ω-–ú–∞—Ä—å—è–∂‚Äù —Ç–∞–∫–∂–µ —Å–æ—Ö—Ä–∞–Ω—è–µ—Ç—Å—è —É —á–∞—Å—Ç–∏ –∑–Ω–∞—Ç–Ω—ã—Ö —á–ª–µ–Ω–æ–≤ –æ–±—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –∏ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ—Ç—Å—è, —á—Ç–æ–±—ã –æ—Ç–º–µ—Ç–∏—Ç—å (–∏–ª–∏ –ø–æ–¥–Ω—è—Ç—å) –∏—Ö —Å–æ—Ü–∏–∞–ª—å–Ω—ã–π –∏ –ø–æ–ª–∏—Ç–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏–π —Å—Ç–∞—Ç—É—Å.

–ö–æ–≥–¥–∞ –ª—É—á—à–µ –µ—Ö–∞—Ç—å –Ω–∞ –ö–æ–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–∏–µ –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–∞. –ù–∞–∏–ª—É—á—à–µ–µ –≤—Ä–µ–º—è –¥–ª—è –ø–æ—Å–µ—â–µ–Ω–∏—è –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–æ–≤ ‚Äî –æ—Ç–Ω–æ—Å–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ –ø—Ä–æ—Ö–ª–∞–¥–Ω—ã–π –∏ —Å—É—Ö–æ–π –ø–µ—Ä–∏–æ–¥ ‚Äî —Å –º–∞—è –ø–æ –æ–∫—Ç—è–±—Ä—å, –∫–æ–≥–¥–∞ –Ω–∞ –±–æ–ª—å—à–µ–π —á–∞—Å—Ç–∏ –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–æ–≤ —Å—Ç–æ–ª–±–∏–∫ —Ç–µ—Ä–º–æ–º–µ—Ç—Ä–∞ –¥–µ—Ä–∂–∏—Ç—Å—è –≤ —Ä–∞–π–æ–Ω–µ –æ—Ç–º–µ—Ç–∫–∏ –≤ +24-26 –°, –∞ –ø—Ä–∏—Ö–æ–¥—è—â–∏–µ —Å –æ–∫–µ–∞–Ω–∞ –ø–∞—Å—Å–∞—Ç—ã –ø—Ä–∏–Ω–æ—Å—è—Ç –æ—Ç–Ω–æ—Å–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ —Å—É—Ö—É—é –ø–æ–≥–æ–¥—É. –û–¥–Ω–∞–∫–æ –∏ –≤ —ç—Ç–æ—Ç –ø–µ—Ä–∏–æ–¥ –Ω–µ—Ä–µ–¥–∫–∏ –º–æ—â–Ω—ã–µ –∑–∞—Ç—è–∂–Ω—ã–µ –ª–∏–≤–Ω–∏ –∏ —à—Ç–æ—Ä–º–∞.

–í–∏–∑–∞ –Ω–∞ –ö–æ–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–∏–µ –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–∞. –ì—Ä–∞–∂–¥–∞–Ω–∞–º –†–æ—Å—Å–∏–∏ –¥–ª—è –ø–æ—Å–µ—â–µ–Ω–∏—è –ö–æ–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–∏—Ö –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–æ–≤ —Ç—Ä–µ–±—É–µ—Ç—Å—è –≤–∏–∑–∞, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–∞—è –æ—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–ª—è–µ—Ç—Å—è –ø–æ –ø—Ä–∏–±—ã—Ç–∏–∏ –≤ –æ—Ñ–∏—Å–µ –ò–º–º–∏–≥—Ä–∞—Ü–∏–æ–Ω–Ω–æ–π —Å–ª—É–∂–±—ã.
–î–ª—è –æ—Ñ–æ—Ä–º–ª–µ–Ω–∏—è –≤–∏–∑—ã –Ω–µ–æ–±—Ö–æ–¥–∏–º—ã —Å–ª–µ–¥—É—é—â–∏–µ –¥–æ–∫—É–º–µ–Ω—Ç—ã:

 
• –∑–∞–≥—Ä–∞–Ω–ø–∞—Å–ø–æ—Ä—Ç, —Å—Ä–æ–∫ –¥–µ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∏—è –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–≥–æ —Å–æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç –Ω–µ –º–µ–Ω–µ–µ 6 –º–µ—Å—è—Ü–µ–≤;
 
• 2 —Ñ–æ—Ç–æ–≥—Ä–∞—Ñ–∏–∏ –ø–∞—Å–ø–æ—Ä—Ç–Ω–æ–≥–æ –æ–±—Ä–∞–∑—Ü–∞;
 
• –æ–±—Ä–∞—Ç–Ω—ã–µ –±–∏–ª–µ—Ç—ã;
 
• –∑–∞–ø–æ–ª–Ω–µ–Ω–Ω—É—é –º–∏–≥—Ä–∞—Ü–∏–æ–Ω–Ω—É—é –∞–Ω–∫–µ—Ç—É, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–∞—è –≤—ã–¥–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –ø–æ –ø—Ä–∏–±—ã—Ç–∏–∏.

–í–∑–∏–º–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –≤–∏–∑–æ–≤—ã–π —Å–±–æ—Ä –≤ —Ä–∞–∑–º–µ—Ä–µ $100. –°–±–æ—Ä –æ–ø–ª–∞—á–∏–≤–∞–µ—Ç—Å—è –≤ –¥–æ–ª–ª–∞—Ä–∞—Ö –∏–ª–∏ –≤ –¥—Ä—É–≥–æ–π —Å–≤–æ–±–æ–¥–Ω–æ –∫–æ–Ω–≤–µ—Ä—Ç–∏—Ä—É–µ–º–æ–π –≤–∞–ª—é—Ç–µ —ç–∫–≤–∏–≤–∞–ª–µ–Ω—Ç–Ω–æ —É–∫–∞–∑–∞–Ω–Ω–æ–π —Å—É–º–º–µ.
–°—Ä–æ–∫ –¥–µ–π—Å—Ç–≤–∏—è –≤–∏–∑—ã —Å–æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª—è–µ—Ç –¥–≤–µ –Ω–µ–¥–µ–ª–∏.

–¢–∞–º–æ–∂–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∏–ª–∞ –Ω–∞ –ö–æ–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–∏—Ö –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ö. –ù–∞ –≤–≤–æ–∑ –∏–ª–∏ –≤—ã–≤–æ–∑ –∏–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω–Ω–æ–π –∏ –º–µ—Å—Ç–Ω–æ–π –≤–∞–ª—é—Ç—ã –Ω–∏–∫–∞–∫–∏—Ö –æ–≥—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—á–µ–Ω–∏–π –Ω–µ—Ç.
–õ–∏—Ü–∞–º –≤ –≤–æ–∑—Ä–∞—Å—Ç–µ —Å—Ç–∞—Ä—à–µ 18 –ª–µ—Ç —Ä–∞–∑—Ä–µ—à—ë–Ω –±–µ—Å–ø–æ—à–ª–∏–Ω–Ω—ã–π –≤–≤–æ–∑ –Ω–∞ —Ç–µ—Ä—Ä–∏—Ç–æ—Ä–∏—é –ö–æ–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–∏—Ö –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–æ–≤ –¥–æ 400 —Å–∏–≥–∞—Ä–µ—Ç –∏–ª–∏ 100 —Å–∏–≥–∞—Ä, –∏–ª–∏ 500 –≥—Ä–∞–º–º–æ–≤ —Ç–∞–±–∞–∫–∞; –æ–¥–Ω–æ–π –±—É—Ç—ã–ª–∫–∏ –∞–ª–∫–æ–≥–æ–ª—å–Ω—ã—Ö –Ω–∞–ø–∏—Ç–∫–æ–≤ –∏ –æ–¥–Ω–æ–≥–æ —Ñ–ª–∞–∫–æ–Ω–∞ –¥—É—Ö–æ–≤ –∏–ª–∏ –ø–∞—Ä—Ñ—é–º–µ—Ä–∏–∏.
–ó–∞–ø—Ä–µ—â–µ–Ω –≤–≤–æ–∑ –æ—Ä—É–∂–∏—è (–≤ —Ç–æ–º —á–∏—Å–ª–µ, –ø–Ω–µ–≤–º–∞—Ç–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–æ–≥–æ –∏ –¥–ª—è –ø–æ–¥–≤–æ–¥–Ω–æ–π –æ—Ö–æ—Ç—ã), –Ω–∞—Ä–∫–æ—Ç–∏–∫–æ–≤ –∏ –Ω–∞—Ä–∫–æ—Å–æ–¥–µ—Ä–∂–∞—â–∏—Ö –≤–µ—â–µ—Å—Ç–≤, –æ–≤–æ—â–µ–π –∏ —Ñ—Ä—É–∫—Ç–æ–≤, –Ω–µ–∫–æ–Ω—Å–µ—Ä–≤–∏—Ä–æ–≤–∞–Ω–Ω–æ–≥–æ –º—è—Å–∞ –∏ –º—è—Å–æ–ø—Ä–æ–¥—É–∫—Ç–æ–≤, –∞ —Ç–∞–∫–∂–µ –ø–µ—á–∞—Ç–Ω–æ–π –∏ –≤–∏–¥–µ–æ–ø—Ä–æ–¥—É–∫—Ü–∏–∏, –ø—Ä–æ—Ç–∏–≤–æ—Ä–µ—á–∞—â–µ–π –Ω–æ—Ä–º–∞–º –∏—Å–ª–∞–º–∞.
–ë–µ–∑ –Ω–∞–ª–∏—á–∏—è —Å–ø–µ—Ü–∏–∞–ª—å–Ω–æ–≥–æ —Ñ–∏—Ç–æ—Å–∞–Ω–∏—Ç–∞—Ä–Ω–æ–≥–æ —Å–µ—Ä—Ç–∏—Ñ–∏–∫–∞—Ç–∞ –î–µ–ø–∞—Ä—Ç–∞–º–µ–Ω—Ç–∞ —Å–µ–ª—å—Å–∫–æ–≥–æ —Ö–æ–∑—è–π—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –ö–æ–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–∏—Ö –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–æ–≤ –∑–∞–ø—Ä–µ—â—ë–Ω –≤–≤–æ–∑ –∏ –≤—ã–≤–æ–∑ —Ä–∞—Å—Ç–µ–Ω–∏–π –∏–ª–∏ –∏—Ö —á–∞—Å—Ç–µ–π (—Å—Ç–µ–±–ª–∏, –ª–∏—Å—Ç—å—è, –∫–ª—É–±–Ω–∏, —Ü–≤–µ—Ç—ã), –∞ —Ç–∞–∫–∂–µ –æ–±—Ä–∞–∑—Ü–æ–≤ –ø–æ—á–≤—ã. –î–ª—è –≤–≤–æ–∑–∞ –¥–æ–º–∞—à–Ω–∏—Ö –∂–∏–≤–æ—Ç–Ω—ã—Ö –Ω–µ–æ–±—Ö–æ–¥–∏–º–æ –≤–µ—Ç–µ—Ä–∏–Ω–∞—Ä–Ω–æ–µ —Å–≤–∏–¥–µ—Ç–µ–ª—å—Å—Ç–≤–æ –º–µ–∂–¥—É–Ω–∞—Ä–æ–¥–Ω–æ–≥–æ –æ–±—Ä–∞–∑—Ü–∞ –∏ —Å–≤–∏–¥–µ—Ç–µ–ª—å—Å—Ç–≤–æ –æ –ø—Ä–∏–≤–∏–≤–∫–µ –ø—Ä–æ—Ç–∏–≤ –±–µ—à–µ–Ω—Å—Ç–≤–∞. –ó–∞–ø—Ä–µ—â—ë–Ω –≤—ã–≤–æ–∑ —Ä–∞–∫–æ–≤–∏–Ω, –∫–æ—Ä–∞–ª–ª–æ–≤ –∏ –∏–∑–¥–µ–ª–∏–π –∏–∑ —á–µ—Ä–µ–ø–∞—Ö–æ–≤–æ–≥–æ –ø–∞–Ω—Ü–∏—Ä—è.
–°–≤–∏–¥–µ—Ç–µ–ª—å—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –æ –ø—Ä–∏–≤–∏–≤–∫–∞—Ö –¥–ª—è –≤—ä–µ–∑–¥–∞ –Ω–∞ —Ç–µ—Ä—Ä–∏—Ç–æ—Ä–∏—é —Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω—ã –Ω–µ —Ç—Ä–µ–±—É—é—Ç—Å—è.

–î–ª—è –≤—ä–µ–∑–¥–∞ –Ω–∞ —Ç–µ—Ä—Ä–∏—Ç–æ—Ä–∏—é –ö–æ–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–∏—Ö –û—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–æ–≤ –Ω–∏–∫–∞–∫–∏—Ö –ø—Ä–∏–≤–∏–≤–æ–∫ –Ω–µ —Ç—Ä–µ–±—É–µ—Ç—Å—è, –æ–¥–Ω–∞–∫–æ —Ä–µ–∫–æ–º–µ–Ω–¥—É–µ—Ç—Å—è –ø—Ä–æ—Ñ–∏–ª–∞–∫—Ç–∏–∫–∞ –º–∞–ª—è—Ä–∏–∏, —Ä–∏—Å–∫ –∑–∞—Ä–∞–∂–µ–Ω–∏—è –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–π, –≥–ª–∞–≤–Ω—ã–º –æ–±—Ä–∞–∑–æ–º –≤ —Å—Ç–æ–π–∫–æ–π –∫ —Ö–ª–æ—Ä–æ—Ö–∏–Ω—É —Ñ–æ—Ä–º–µ P. falciparum, –ø—Ä–∏—Å—É—Ç—Å—Ç–≤—É–µ—Ç –∫—Ä—É–≥–ª—ã–π –≥–æ–¥ –Ω–∞ –≤—Å–µ—Ö –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ö (—Ä–µ–∫–æ–º–µ–Ω–¥—É–µ–º–æ–µ —Å—Ä–µ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–æ –ø—Ä–æ—Ñ–∏–ª–∞–∫—Ç–∏–∫–∏ ‚Äî –º–µ—Ñ–ª–æ–∫–∏–Ω). –ù–µ–æ–±—Ö–æ–¥–∏–º–æ –ø—Ä–µ–¥–ø—Ä–∏–Ω–∏–º–∞—Ç—å –≤—Å–µ –º–µ—Ä—ã –ø—Ä–µ–¥–æ—Å—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–∂–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏ –æ—Ç —É–∫—É—Å–æ–≤ –º–æ—Å–∫–∏—Ç–æ–≤, –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É—è —Ä–µ–ø–µ–ª–ª–µ–Ω—Ç—ã, –æ–¥–µ–∂–¥—É –∏–∑ –ª–µ–≥–∫–æ–π, –Ω–æ –ø–ª–æ—Ç–Ω–æ–π —Ç–∫–∞–Ω–∏ –∏ –¥–ª–∏–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –±—Ä—é–∫–∏. –í –º–µ—Å—Ç–∞—Ö –Ω–æ—á–µ–≤–æ–∫ —Å–ª–µ–¥—É–µ—Ç —Ç—â–∞—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ –ø—Ä–æ–≤–µ—Ä—è—Ç—å –Ω–∞–ª–∏—á–∏–µ –∏ —Ü–µ–ª–æ—Å—Ç–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—å –∑–∞—â–∏—Ç–Ω—ã—Ö —Å–µ—Ç–æ–∫ –Ω–∞ –æ–∫–Ω–∞—Ö –∏–ª–∏ –ø–æ–ª–æ–≥–æ–≤ –Ω–∞–¥ –∫—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å—é.

–ì–æ—Å—É–¥–∞—Ä—Å—Ç–≤–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–º–∏ —è–∑—ã–∫–∞–º–∏ —Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω—ã —Å—á–∏—Ç–∞—é—Ç—Å—è —Ñ—Ä–∞–Ω—Ü—É–∑—Å–∫–∏–π –∏ –∞—Ä–∞–±—Å–∫–∏–π, –∞ –≤ –ø–æ–≤—Å–µ–¥–Ω–µ–≤–Ω–æ–π –∂–µ –∂–∏–∑–Ω–∏ –º–µ—Å—Ç–Ω—ã–µ –∂–∏—Ç–µ–ª–∏ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É—é—Ç –∫–æ–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–∏–π —è–∑—ã–∫ –∏–ª–∏ ‚Äú—à–∏–∫–æ–º–æ—Ä‚Äù, –æ–±—Ä–∞–∑–æ–≤–∞–≤—à–∏–π—Å—è –≤ —Ä–µ–∑—É–ª—å—Ç–∞—Ç–µ —Å–º–µ—à–µ–Ω–∏—è —Å—É–∞—Ö–∏–ª–∏ –∏ –∞—Ä–∞–±—Å–∫–æ–≥–æ —è–∑—ã–∫–∞. –ù–∞ –∫–∞–∂–¥–æ–º –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–µ –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É–µ—Ç—Å—è —Å–≤–æ–π –¥–∏–∞–ª–µ–∫—Ç –∫–æ–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–æ–≥–æ. –ù–∞ —Ä–∞–≤–Ω—ã—Ö –ø—Ä–∞–≤–∞—Ö –∏—Å–ø–æ–ª—å–∑—É—é—Ç—Å—è –∫–∞–∫ –∞—Ä–∞–±—Å–∫–∞—è —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞ –ø–∏—Å—å–º–µ–Ω–Ω–æ—Å—Ç–∏, —Ç–∞–∫ –∏ –ª–∞—Ç–∏–Ω–∏—Ü–∞.

–î–µ–Ω—å–≥–∏ –Ω–∞ –ö–æ–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–∏—Ö –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–∞—Ö. –ö–æ–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–∏–π —Ñ—Ä–∞–Ω–∫ (CF –∏–ª–∏ KMF), —Ä–∞–≤–Ω—ã–π 100 —Å–∞–Ω—Ç–∏–º–∞–º. –í –æ–±—Ä–∞—â–µ–Ω–∏–∏ –Ω–∞—Ö–æ–¥—è—Ç—Å—è –±–∞–Ω–∫–Ω–æ—Ç—ã –Ω–æ–º–∏–Ω–∞–ª–æ–º –≤ 10000, 5000, 2500, 1000 –∏ 500 —Ñ—Ä–∞–Ω–∫–æ–≤, –º–æ–Ω–µ—Ç—ã –Ω–æ–º–∏–Ω–∞–ª–æ–º –≤ 20, 10, 5, 2 –∏ 1 —Ñ—Ä–∞–Ω–∫, –∞ —Ç–∞–∫–∂–µ –≤ 20 —Å–∞–Ω—Ç–∏–º–æ–≤.
1 USD = 347.94 KMF; 1000 KMF = 2.87 USD.
1 EUR = 492.20 KMF; 1000 KMF = 2.03 EUR.
–§—Ä–∞–Ω–∫ –ö–æ–º–æ—Ä—Å–∫–∏—Ö –æ—Å—Ç—Ä–æ–≤–æ–≤ ‚Äî —á–∞—Å—Ç—å —Ñ—Ä–∞–Ω—Ü—É–∑—Å–∫–æ–π –∫—Ä–µ–¥–∏—Ç–Ω–æ-–¥–µ–Ω–µ–∂–Ω–æ–π —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º—ã, –ø–æ—ç—Ç–æ–º—É —à–∏—Ä–æ–∫–æ–µ —Ö–æ–∂–¥–µ–Ω–∏–µ –∏–º–µ–µ—Ç –∏ –µ–≤—Ä–æ, –∫ –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–º—É –∏ –ø—Ä–∏–≤—è–∑–∞–Ω–∞ –º–µ—Å—Ç–Ω–∞—è –≤–∞–ª—é—Ç–∞.
–ò–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω–Ω–∞—è –≤–∞–ª—é—Ç–∞ –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –±—ã—Ç—å –æ–±–º–µ–Ω–µ–Ω–∞ –≤ –±–∞–Ω–∫–∞—Ö. –õ—É—á—à–µ–µ –º–µ—Å—Ç–æ –¥–ª—è –æ–±–º–µ–Ω–∞ –≤–∞–ª—é—Ç—ã — Banque Nationale des Comores (BIC) ‚Äî –±–∞–Ω–∫, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π —Ä–∞–±–æ—Ç–∞–µ—Ç –ø—Ä–∞–∫—Ç–∏—á–µ—Å–∫–∏ —Å–æ –≤—Å–µ–º–∏ –≤–∞–ª—é—Ç–∞–º–∏ (–Ω–æ –ª—É—á—à–µ –≤—Å–µ–≥–æ –∏–º–µ—Ç—å —Å —Å–æ–±–æ–π –µ–≤—Ä–æ). –ù–∞ –ù–¥–∂—É–∞–Ω–∏ –∏ –ú–æ–∏–ª–∏ –±–∞–Ω–∫–æ–≤—Å–∫–∏–µ —Å—Ä–µ–¥—Å—Ç–≤–∞ –æ–±—Å–ª—É–∂–∏–≤–∞–Ω–∏—è –æ—á–µ–Ω—å –æ–≥—Ä–∞–Ω–∏—á–µ–Ω—ã. –ú–æ–∂–Ω–æ –æ–±–º–µ–Ω—è—Ç—å –≤–∞–ª—é—Ç—É –≤ —Å—É–ø–µ—Ä–º–∞—Ä–∫–µ—Ç–∞—Ö, –≥–æ—Å—Ç–∏–Ω–∏—Ü–∞—Ö –∏ —Ä–µ—Å—Ç–æ—Ä–∞–Ω–∞—Ö, –Ω–æ –∫—É—Ä—Å –æ–±–º–µ–Ω–∞ –≤ –Ω–∏—Ö –∑–Ω–∞—á–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ —Ö—É–∂–µ.
–ö—Ä–µ–¥–∏—Ç–Ω—ã–µ –∫–∞—Ä—Ç–æ—á–∫–∏ –ø—Ä–∏–Ω–∏–º–∞—é—Ç –∫ –æ–ø–ª–∞—Ç–µ –ª–∏—à—å –≤ –æ—Ñ–∏—Å–∞—Ö –±–∞–Ω–∫–æ–≤ –∏ –≤ –∫—Ä—É–ø–Ω—ã—Ö –æ—Ç–µ–ª—è—Ö –º–µ–∂–¥—É–Ω–∞—Ä–æ–¥–Ω—ã—Ö —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º. Banque Nationale des Comores (BIC) ‚Äî –µ–¥–∏–Ω—Å—Ç–≤–µ–Ω–Ω—ã–π –±–∞–Ω–∫ –≤ —Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω–µ, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–π –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç –æ–±–Ω–∞–ª–∏—á–∏—Ç—å —Ç—Ä—ç–≤–µ–ª-—á–µ–∫–∏. –ß—Ç–æ–±—ã –∏–∑–±–µ–∂–∞—Ç—å –¥–æ–ø–æ–ª–Ω–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω—ã—Ö —Ä–∞—Å—Ö–æ–¥–æ–≤, —Å–≤—è–∑–∞–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö —Å –∫–æ–ª–µ–±–∞–Ω–∏—è–º–∏ –æ–±–º–µ–Ω–Ω–æ–≥–æ –∫—É—Ä—Å–∞, —Ä–µ–∫–æ–º–µ–Ω–¥—É–µ—Ç—Å—è –±—Ä–∞—Ç—å —Å —Å–æ–±–æ–π —á–µ–∫–∏ –≤ –µ–≤—Ä–æ.
–ß–∞–µ–≤—ã–µ –Ω–µ –ø—Ä–∏–Ω—è—Ç—ã, —Ö–æ—Ç—è –≤ –±–æ–ª–µ–µ ‚Äú–æ—Ñ—Ä–∞–Ω—Ü—É–∂–µ–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö‚Äù —Ä–∞–π–æ–Ω–∞—Ö –∫—Ä—É–ø–Ω—ã—Ö –Ω–∞—Å–µ–ª—ë–Ω–Ω—ã—Ö –ø—É–Ω–∫—Ç–æ–≤ —á–∞–µ–≤—ã–µ –≤ —Ö–æ—Ä–æ—à–∏—Ö —Ä–µ—Å—Ç–æ—Ä–∞–Ω–∞—Ö —Å–æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤–ª—è—é—Ç 5-10%, –≤ –Ω–µ–±–æ–ª—å—à–∏—Ö —á–∞—Å—Ç–Ω—ã—Ö –∑–∞–≤–µ–¥–µ–Ω–∏—è—Ö –æ–Ω–∏ –Ω–µ –æ–∂–∏–¥–∞—é—Ç—Å—è (–≤–ø—Ä–æ—á–µ–º, –∑–∞ —Ö–æ—Ä–æ—à–µ–µ –æ–±—Å–ª—É–∂–∏–≤–∞–Ω–∏–µ –º–æ–∂–Ω–æ –æ—Å—Ç–∞–≤–∏—Ç—å –ø–µ—Ä—Å–æ–Ω–∞–ª—É –ª—é–±—É—é —Å—É–º–º—É –Ω–∞ —É—Å–º–æ—Ç—Ä–µ–Ω–∏–µ –≥–æ—Å—Ç—è).
–®–æ–ø–ø–∏–Ω–≥: –Ω–µ–∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä—ã–µ –º–∞–≥–∞–∑–∏–Ω—ã, –æ—Ç–µ–ª–∏ –∏ —Ä–µ—Å—Ç–æ—Ä–∞–Ω—ã –ø—Ä–∏–Ω–∏–º–∞—é—Ç –≤ –∫–∞—á–µ—Å—Ç–≤–µ –æ–ø–ª–∞—Ç—ã –∏–Ω–æ—Å—Ç—Ä–∞–Ω–Ω—É—é –≤–∞–ª—é—Ç—É, –≥–ª–∞–≤–Ω—ã–º –æ–±—Ä–∞–∑–æ–º –µ–≤—Ä–æ –∏–ª–∏ –¥–æ–ª–ª–∞—Ä—ã –°–®–ê, —Å–¥–∞—á—É –∂–µ –æ–±—ã—á–Ω–æ –¥–∞—é—Ç –≤ –º–µ—Å—Ç–Ω–æ–π –≤–∞–ª—é—Ç–µ.
–ù–∞ —Ä—ã–Ω–∫–∞—Ö –∏ –≤ –Ω–µ–±–æ–ª—å—à–∏—Ö –º–∞–≥–∞–∑–∏–Ω–∞—Ö –ø—Ä–∏–Ω—è—Ç–æ —Ç–æ—Ä–≥–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å—Å—è, –ø—Ä–∏—á—ë–º –µ—Å—Ç—å —Ü–µ–ª–∞—è —Å–∏—Å—Ç–µ–º–∞ —ç—Ç–∏–∫–µ—Ç–∞ —Ç–æ—Ä–≥–æ–≤–ª–∏, –∫–æ—Ç–æ—Ä–∞—è –º–æ–∂–µ—Ç —Å–ø–æ—Å–æ–±—Å—Ç–≤–æ–≤–∞—Ç—å –∑–Ω–∞—á–∏—Ç–µ–ª—å–Ω–æ–º—É —Å–Ω–∏–∂–µ–Ω–∏—é —Ü–µ–Ω—ã. –ü—Ä–æ—Ü–µ—Å—Å –¥–æ–ª–∂–µ–Ω –±—ã—Ç—å –Ω–µ—Ç–æ—Ä–æ–ø–ª–∏–≤ –∏ –ø—Ä–æ–≤–µ–¥—ë–Ω –≤ –¥—É—Ö–µ –≤–∑–∞–∏–º–Ω–æ–≥–æ –≤–æ—Å—Ö–∏—â–µ–Ω–∏—è –º–∞—Å—Ç–µ—Ä—Å—Ç–≤–æ–º —Ç–æ—Ä–≥—É—é—â–µ–≥–æ—Å—è. –í—Ä–∞–∂–¥–µ–±–Ω—ã–µ –∏–ª–∏ –≤–∑–≤–æ–ª–Ω–æ–≤–∞–Ω–Ω—ã–µ –ø—Ä–µ–¥–ª–æ–∂–µ–Ω–∏—è —Ç–æ–ª—å–∫–æ —É–≤–µ–ª–∏—á–∞—Ç —Ü–µ–Ω—É —Ç–æ–≤–∞—Ä–∞.

–í—Ä–µ–º—è –≤ –∑–∏–º–Ω–∏–π –ø–µ—Ä–∏–æ–¥ —Å–æ–æ—Ç–≤–µ—Ç—Å—Ç–≤—É–µ—Ç –º–æ—Å–∫–æ–≤—Å–∫–æ–º—É, –∞ –≤ –ª–µ—Ç–Ω–∏–π — –æ—Ç—Å—Ç–∞—ë—Ç –Ω–∞ 1 —á–∞—Å.